fuel oil
Fuel oil, which is also called fuel oil or heavy oil, is one of the heavy cuts resulting from the refining of crude oil. This product is used as one of the most widely used types of liquid fuels in various industries.
Features and applications
Features of fuel oil
1. High molecular mass: Fuel oil has longer chains of hydrocarbons, which makes its molecular mass higher than lighter fuels such as gasoline and diesel.
2. High boiling point: This product boils at higher temperatures than other petroleum fuels, usually above 350°C.
3. High viscosity: Fuel oil is very thick and needs to be preheated to reduce its viscosity so that it can be easily used in fueling systems.
4. High sulfur content: Fuel oil usually contains high amounts of sulfur, which can lead to the production of sulfur pollutants such as SO₂ when burned. This can cause environmental issues.
5. High energy content: Fuel oil has a high energy content, which makes it an effective fuel for energy production in heavy industries.
6. Smoke generation: Due to the heavy content and impurities in fuel oil, this fuel usually produces a lot of smoke when burning, which requires emission control.
Applications of fuel oil
1. Power plant fuel: fuel oil is one of the main fuels in thermal power plants for electricity generation. By burning fuel oil, these power plants produce steam that drives steam turbines and generates electricity.
2. Fuel for ships: Fuel oil is used as the main fuel for many cargo ships and marine fleets. This fuel is suitable for long journeys due to its high energy content and relatively low cost.
3. Fuel for boilers and industrial boilers: In many heavy industries such as steel, cement and petrochemicals, fuel oil is used as fuel for boilers and boilers.
4. Industrial heating: Fuel oil is used for heating furnaces, ovens and other industrial equipment in various industries.
5. Heat generation in buildings: In some countries, fuel oil is used as a fuel for heating systems of commercial and residential buildings, although this use is declining due to environmental issues.
6. Asphalt production: Some types of fuel oil are used as raw material in asphalt and bitumen production.
Fuel oil specification table
| Specification | Result | Test Method |
|---|---|---|
| Density @ 15°C (g/cm3) | 0.955 | ASTM D1298 |
| Total Sulfur (WT%) | MAX 3.0 | ASTM D4294 |
| Viscosity @ 50°C (cSt) | MAX 380 | ASTM D445 |
| Flash Point (°C) | MIN 60 | ASTM D93 |
| Pour Point(°C) | -9 MAX | ASTM D97 |
| Carbon residue Wt% | 11.87 | ASTM D189 |
| Water vol% | 0.05 | ASTM D95 |
| Vanadium ppm | 98 | IP470 |
| ASH wt% | 0.02 | ASTM D482 |
| Net Calorific Value MJ/KG | 40.46 | ASTM D4868 |
| Gross Calorific value Mj/KG | 42.86 | ASTM D4868 |